Baron George Hoyningen-Huene (September 4, 1900 – September 12, 1968) was a fashion photographer of the 1920s and 1930s. He was born in the Russian Empire to Baltic German and American parents and spent his working life in France, England and the United States. BiographyBorn in Saint Petersburg, Russia on September 4, 1900, George Hoyningen-Huene was the only son of Baron Barthold Theodor Hermann (Theodorevitch) von Hoyningen-Huene (1859-1942), a Baltic nobleman, military officer and lord of Navesti manor (near Võhma), and his wife, Emily Anne "Nan" Lothrop (1860-1927), a daughter of George Van Ness Lothrop, an American minister to Russia. He had two sisters. Helen (died 1976) became a fashion designer in France and the United States, using the name Helen de Huene. Elizabeth (1891-1973), also known as Betty, also became a fashion designer (using the name Mme. Yteb in the 1920s and 1930s). During the Russian Revolution, George Hoyningen-Huene's family estates were confiscated by the government and the family fled first to London, and later to Paris. Since his early childhood, George Hoyningen-Huene showed his interest in art like painting and ballet, and Paris nourished his love of art. He studied painting with French cubist painter André Lhote(1885-1962) whose student included the polish painter Tamara de Lempicka. But the young George Hoyningen-Huene was thirsty for more, and was increasingly fascinated by the new art form - cinema, which was born in Paris. He liked it so much that he even offered himself as extras in some films. It was from films that he learned the dramatic lighting which he would later used on his photography. Eventually his love of visual art and French haute couture landed him jobs in French Vogue. He first worked as photographer's assistant, but a few years later, by 1925 George had worked his way up to chief of photography of the French Vogue where he was mentor to up-and-coming photographers including François Tuefferd. In 1930 he met Horst P. Horst, the future photographer, who became his lover and frequent model. Influenced by George Hoyningen-Huene, Horst P. Horst later also became photographer, and he began his association with Vogue, publishing his first photograph in the French edition in November 1931 In winter of 1931, they traveled to England together. While there, they visited photographer Cecil Beaton, who was working for the British edition of Vogue. In 1935 Hoyningen-Huene moved to New York City where he did most of his work for Harper's Bazaar. But he did not enjoy the same success he had while working with French Vogue. A few years later, Hoyningen-Huene relocated to Hollywood, where he worked much less in fashion photography, but rather earned his living by shooting glamorous portraits for Hollywood stars and other celebrities. Some of the subjects photographer by him included hollywood film stars like Ingrid Bergman, Greta Garbo, Katherine Hepburn, Ava Gardner, Cary Grant, Gary Cooper, Charile Chaplin, James Cagney, artists such as painter Salvador Dali, ballet dancer Felia Doubrovska, writer Janet Flanner, and composers Kurt Weill and Igor Stravinsky, and celebrities including Duke of Windsor, Gloria Vanderbilt, Lady Mendl, etc. Besides portrait photograph, Hoyningen-Huene also worked in various capacities in the film industry. He had worked closely with George Cukor, notably as special visual and color consultant for the latter's first Technicolor film, the 1954 Judy Garland movie A Star Is Born. He served a similar role for the 1957 film Les Girls, which starred Kay Kendall and Mitzi Gaynor, the Sophia Loren film Heller in Pink Tights, and The Chapman Report. He was also a teacher. He started teaching at University of California since 1947 until the time of his death. George Hoyningen-Huene died of heart attach at 68, in Los Angeles. Profoundly influenced by art, both classic and surreal art, and French cinema, George Hoyningen-Huene developed his own unique style of photography which is elegant, yet dramatic and mysterious. Some of the most distinguished Vogue photographers such as Irving Penn, Horst P. Horst, Richard Avedon were all influenced by his style. Although died at young age, George Hoyningen-Huene has left a great legacy behind him, in the form of a large archive of fashion and portrait photographes which still mesmerize us today, as well as several books he wrote about visual art and beauty of various cultures. Further interest
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Diana, Viscountess Norwich (née Lady Diana Olivia Winifred Maud Manners; 29 August 1892 – 16 June 1986) was an English actress and aristocrat who was a well-known social figure in London and Paris. As a young woman, she moved in a celebrated group of intellectuals known as the Coterie, most of whom were killed in the First World War. She married one of the few survivors, Duff Cooper, later British ambassador to France. After his death, she wrote three volumes of memoirs which reveal much about early 20th-century upper-class life. Lady Diana Olivia Winifred Maud Manners was born at 23A Bruton Street in Mayfair, London, on 29 August 1892. Her mother, Violet Manners(1856-1937), who was a devotee of the author George Meredith, named her daughter after the titular character in Meredith's novel Diana of the Crossways. Diana of the Crossways, novel by George Meredith, was a three-volume book published in 1885. Officially the youngest daughter of the 8th Duke of Rutland and his wife, the Duchess of Rutland, Lady Diana's biological father was the writer Harry Cust. As early as 1908, various pamphlets were being circulated by a former governess claiming that Cust fathered Diana Manners, and David Lindsay (a distant cousin of her mother) noted in his diary that the resemblance was said to be striking. Cooper herself did not become aware of this until it was casually mentioned to her at a party after she had come out into society, though "It didn’t seem to matter—I was devoted to my father and I liked Harry Cust too." In her prime, she had the widespread reputation as the most beautiful young woman in England, and appeared in countless profiles, photographs and articles in newspapers and magazines. She became active in the Coterie, an influential group of young English aristocrats and intellectuals of the 1910s whose prominence and numbers were cut short by the First World War. Some see them as people ahead of their time, precursors of the Jazz Age. Lady Diana was the most famous of the group, which included Raymond Asquith (son of H. H. Asquith, the prime minister), Patrick Shaw-Stewart, Edward Horner, Sir Denis Anson, Julian and Billy Grenfell, and Duff Cooper. Diana nurtured a love for the married Asquith, and she became close friends with both him and his wife, Katherine. His death in the First World War devastated her, and was compounded by the loss of other men in her circle. Lady Diana married Duff Cooper, one of her circle of friends' last surviving male members, in June 1919. Diana's parents had hoped that their daughter would marry the Prince of Wales(Later King Edward VIII, Duke of Windsor), and took a dim view of Duff Cooper's lack of title and wealth, and his drinking, gambling and womanising. As for Cooper, he once impulsively wrote a letter to Lady Diana, before their marriage, declaring, "I hope everyone you like better than me will die very soon." In 1918 Lady Diana became actress and played in a few films uncredited; in The Great Love she played herself in her capacity of a celebrity. She also appeared in a propaganda film for the war effort, Hearts of the World, directed by D.W. Griffith, who chose her because he thought her "the most beloved woman in England". A few years later she starred in two of the first British colour films: The Glorious Adventure (1922) and The Virgin Queen (1923); in the latter she played Queen Elizabeth I. But it was on the stage that Lady Diana Cooper finally acquired her fame. In 1924, She played Madonna in Karl Vollmoeller's play The Miracle, directed by Max Reinhardt. The play achieved outstanding international success, and she toured on and off for twelve years with the cast. In 1929, Lady Diana Cooper gave birth to her only child, John Julius Cooper, later the 2nd Viscount Norwich and known as John Julius Norwich, who became a writer and broadcaster. The Coopers were friends with Edward VIII, and were guests of his on a 1936 yacht cruise of the Adriatic which famously caused his affair with Wallis Simpson to become publicly known for the first time. Lady Diana Cooper supported her husband in his political posts, even travelling with him to the Far East in late 1941 prior to the Japanese attack on British Malaya. As Prime Minister Churchill's personal representative, Duff Cooper MP was unsuccessful in effecting a positive strategy, and he was recalled in January 1942, shortly before Singapore fell in February. In between accompanying her husband on his wartime appointments abroad, Lady Diana converted her three-acre property at Bognor Regis into a smallholding to provide her family with extra food in light of shortages and rationing. Aided by her friend Conrad Russell, she raised livestock, grew crops, practised beekeeping, and made her own butter and cheeses. She also volunteered at a YMCA canteen, and worked briefly in a workshop making camouflage nets for gunners. Between January and August 1944 the couple lived in Algiers, where Duff Cooper was appointed British Representative to the Free French Committee of National Liberation. Lady Diana focused her energies as a hostess on making an "Eden" of the couple's home for British civil servants stationed in Algiers, who were poorly housed in unheated and waterless lodgings and "had no retreats, amenities, sports or welcomes." The Coopers' home provided British personnel an outlet for rest, socializing, good food, and recreation. When Duff Cooper served from 1944 to 1948 as Britain's ambassador to France, Lady Diana Cooper's reputation became even more celebrated in France as the centre-point of immediate post-Second World War French literary culture. During this period, Lady Diana's popularity as a hostess remained undimmed, even after allegations that the embassy guest list included "pederasts and collaborators". The couple were known for maintaining an "open house" every evening where leading cultural figures and diplomats could come freely to socialize, while enjoying good food and plentiful liquor provided by the British government, both luxuries in Paris after years of wartime shortages. Following Duff Cooper's retirement in 1947, the couple continued to live in France at Chantilly. The couple's decision to remain in France was controversial because it was contrary to diplomatic protocol; their continuing popularity as social figures and hosts in Paris effectively made their home a rival British Embassy. She was a prominent guest at Le Bal Oriental hosted by Carlos de Beistegui at the Palazzo Labia in Venice in 1951. Known as the "Ball of the Century", Lady Diana dressed as Cleopatra and greeted her fellow guests, some 1,000 people, in a vestibule pageant. Duff Cooper was created Viscount Norwich in 1952, for services to the nation, but Lady Diana refused to be called Viscountess Norwich, claiming that it sounded like "porridge". Following her husband's death in 1954, Lady Diana Cooper made an announcement in The Times to this effect, stating that she had "reverted to the name and title of Lady Diana Cooper". Lady Diana sharply reduced her activities in the late 1950s but produced three volumes of memoirs: The Rainbow Comes and Goes(1958), The Light of Common Day(1959), and Trumpets from the Steep(1960). The three volumes are included in a compilation called Autobiography (ISBN 9780881841312). “First you are young; then you are middle-aged; then you are old; then you are wonderful.” In the early 1960s, Lady Diana Cooper moved from Chantilly back to London, and lived there until her death. She died at her home in Little Venice, in West London, in 1986 at the age of 93, after many years of increasing infirmity. Her body was interred within the Manners family mausoleum at Belvoir Castle. Further interestArticles: Interviews: Doña Fabiola Fernanda María-de-las-Victoria Antonia Adelaida de Mora y Aragón (11 June 1928 – 5 December 2014) was Queen of the Belgians from her marriage to King Baudouin in 1960 until his death in 1993. The couple had no children, so the Crown passed to her husband's younger brother, King Albert II. Fabiola de Mora (Madrid; 11 de junio de 1928 - Bruselas; 5 de diciembre de 2014) fue una aristócrata española, hija de los Marqueses de Casa Riera que se convirtió en reina consorte de los belgas tras su matrimonio con el rey Balduino de Bélgica entre 1960 y 1993. BiographyDoña Fabiola de Mora y Aragón was born in Madrid, Spain, at the Palacio de Zurbano, the main residence of the Marqués de Casa Riera. She was the daughter of Don Gonzalo de Mora y Fernández y Riera y del Olmo, 4th Marqués de Casa Riera, 2nd Count of Mora (1887–1957), and his wife, Doña Blanca de Aragón y Carrillo de Albornoz y Barroeta-Aldamar y Elío (1892–1981), daughter of the 6th Marchioness of Casa Torres and Viscountess of Baiguer. Her godmother was Queen Victoria Eugenia of Spain. Fabiola worked as a nurse in a hospital in Madrid. Before her marriage, she published an album of 12 fairy tales (Los doce cuentos maravillosos), one of which ("The Indian Water Lilies") would get its own pavilion in the Efteling theme park in 1966. On 15 December 1960, Fabiola married Baudouin, who had been King of the Belgians since the abdication of his father, Leopold III, in 1951. At the marriage ceremony in the Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula, she wore a 1926 Art Deco tiara that had been a gift of the Belgian state to her husband's mother, Astrid of Sweden, upon her marriage to Leopold III. Her dress of satin and ermine was designed by the couturier Cristóbal Balenciaga. On the occasion of her marriage, Spanish bakers set out to honour Fabiola and created a type of bread, "la fabiola", which is still made in Palencia. According to official sources, Queen Fabiola was fluent in French, Dutch, English, German and Italian, in addition to her native Spanish. The royal couple had no children, as the Queen's five pregnancies ended in miscarriage in 1961, 1962, 1963, 1966 and 1968. Fabiola openly spoke about her miscarriages in 2008: 'You know, I myself lost five children. You learn something from that experience. I had problems with all my pregnancies, but you know, in the end I think life is beautiful'. She and Baudouin I called the miscarriages a chance to be able to love all children. She was deeply involved with the upbringing of Prince Philippe and Princess Astrid. Baudouin died in late July 1993 and was succeeded by his younger brother, Albert II. Fabiola moved out of the Royal Castle of Laeken to the more modest Stuyvenberg Castle and reduced her public appearances so as not to overshadow her sister-in-law, Queen Paola. In September 1993, she became the president of the King Baudouin Foundation, established in 1976 to mark the twenty fifth anniversary of King Baudouin's reign. The foundation's purpose is to improving the living conditions of the population. During the 1990s, the Hospital Saint-Pierre in Brussels was important in matters around AIDS. Queen Fabiola visited them in 1993 and embraced a patient. She was one of the first public figures to do this. Queen Fabiola also founded the Social Secretariat of the Queen with the purpose to answering many requests for help. She has supported study programmes aimed at prevention and treatment of dyslexia among children. She established Queen Fabiola Fund for Mental Health. The foundation's purpose is to help people with mental problems. During her entire life, she devoted herself to causes such as young women prostitution, human slavery and people with disabilities. Queen Fabiola received several humanitarian awards in her lifetime and was awarded the Ceres Medal in 2001 by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization. Admired for her devout Roman Catholicism and involvement in social causes particularly those related to mental health, children's issues and women's issues, Queen Fabiola received the 2001 Ceres Medal, in recognition of her work to promote rural women in developing countries. The medal was given by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Queen Fabiola was hospitalised for 15 days with pneumonia beginning 16 January 2009, with her condition described as "serious". She subsequently recovered and began attending public functions the following May. Queen Fabiola had been in poor health for years, having osteoporosis, as well as having never fully recovered from a lung inflammation she had in 2009. On the evening of 5 December 2014, the Royal Palace announced that Queen Fabiola had died at Stuyvenberg Castle. The federal government declared a period of national mourning from Saturday 6 December to Friday 12 December, the day when the funeral of Queen Fabiola took place at the Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula in Brussels. The Royal Family, members of the government and the Lord Speaker received the coffin at the Royal Palace on 10 December where it was placed in the grand antechamber, where it was decorated with flowers and attended by an honour guard of generals, members of the King's Royal Military household. Members of several royal families around the world including the Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Empress of Japan, Queen of Denmark, King and Queen of Sweden, King of Norway accompanied by his sister Princess Astrid, former King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia of Spain, former Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands, Sovereign Prince of Liechtenstein, former Empress Farah of Iran and Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn of Thailand, attended the funeral. No members of the British Royal Family or the Monegasque Princely Family attended the funeral, leading to criticism by both Belgian and international press. The explorer Guido Derom named the Queen Fabiola Mountains – a newly discovered range of Antarctic mountains – in her honour in 1961. BiografíaFabiola nació el 11 de junio de 1928 en el Palacio de Zurbano (Madrid), la entonces residencia de los Marqueses de Casa Riera, actual sede del Ministerio de Fomento. Fabiola fue la cuarta de los siete hijos de Gonzalo de Mora y Fernández Riera y del Olmo, IV marqués de Casa Riera y II conde de Mora (1887-1957) y de Blanca de Aragón y Carrillo de Albornoz, Barroeta-Aldamar y Elío, VIII marquesa de Casa Torres, XVIII vizcondesa de Baiguer, condesa de la Rosa de Abarca (entre otros títulos) (1892-1981). Sus padrinos de bautismo fueron su tío Fernando de Aragón, VIII marqués de Casa Torres, y la reina de España, Victoria Eugenia. En 1931 con la proclamación de la II República, la familia se exilió por razones políticas a decisión de su padre, amigo personal de Alfonso XIII. Residieron en Francia, Italia y Suiza hasta el fin de la Guerra Civil. A su regreso a España, los Mora recuperaron y restauraron su palacio de Madrid que durante la guerra había funcionado como cuartel de Dolores Ibarruri, conocida como La Pasionaria. Fue educada en los colegios de las Religiosas de la Asunción en Roma, París y Lausana, y, en Madrid, en el Liceo Alemán. Cursó, luego, la carrera de enfermería técnica de la Sanidad Militar en la escuela de Carabanchel en Madrid entre 1957 y 1958, y realizó prácticas en San Sebastián y en el Hospital Militar Gómez Ulla. Además del español, Fabiola hablaba con fluidez francés, neerlandés, inglés, alemán e italiano. En 1955, había publicado anónimamente un álbum de doce cuentos de hadas (Doce cuentos maravillosos) que alcanzaría la popularidad con su traducción al neerlandés en 1961 al punto de que uno de ellos («Los nenúfares indios») conseguiría su propia atracción en el parque temático Efteling (Países Bajos) en 1966. Contrajo matrimonio con el rey Balduino de Bélgica el 15 de diciembre de 1960 en la catedral de San Miguel y Santa Gúdula de Bruselas y ese mismo día iniciaron su luna de miel en España, concretamente en Hornachuelos (Córdoba). La nueva reina consorte llevó un vestido creado por el diseñador español Cristóbal Balenciaga. Desde el momento de su boda, Fabiola se convirtió en reina de los Belgas. Fue la reina consorte de los belgas durante el reinado de su marido, Balduino. Durante el reinado de su esposo Balduino, Fabiola de Bélgica recibió el tratamiento de Su Majestad Fabiola, reina de los Belgas. Tras la muerte de su esposo, su título cambió a Su Majestad la Reina Fabiola de Bélgica. La reina Fabiola estuvo muy vinculada a su país natal, España, ya que desde siempre lo visitaba muy a menudo, teniendo un vínculo especial con Madrid, Guipúzcoa y Navarra. En esta última comunidad tenía un palacete en la localidad de Elío (Navarra), una de sus residencias de verano en España junto con la de Zarauz, en Guipúzcoa, cercana al municipio de Guetaria, de donde era originaria la familia de su tatarabuelo materno, Joaquín Francisco de Barroeta-Aldamar y Hurtado de Mendoza. Fabiola también poseía una residencia de verano llamada Villa Astrida en la localidad granadina de Playa Granada, Motril, donde falleció su esposo Balduino el 31 de julio de 1993. La pareja real no tuvo descendencia. La reina llegó a sufrir hasta cinco abortos involuntarios. Fabiola habló abiertamente sobre estos abortos en el año 2008: "Usted sabe, yo misma perdí cinco hijos. Se aprende algo de esa experiencia. He tenido problemas con todos mis embarazos, pero ya sabes, al final creo que la vida es bella". Balduino fue sucedido por su hermano menor Alberto II y Fabiola se trasladó del Palacio Real de Bruselas al castillo de Stuyvenberg y redujo sus apariciones públicas para no eclipsar a su cuñada, la reina Paola. El 3 de octubre de 2009, fue recibida como dama divisera hijadalgo del Ilustre Solar de Tejada, la corporación nobiliaria más antigua de España, dado que Fabiola descendía, por línea materna, de varias generaciones de señores de Tejada, naturales de Aldeanueva de Cameros, en el siglo XVII. La Reina Fabiola Falleció por causas naturales en su residencia, el Castillo de Stuyvenberg en Laeken. Los reyes Felipe y Matilde y los reyes eméritos Paola y Alberto visitaron la capilla ardiente instalada en el Palacio Real de Bruselas.
A su despedida final asistieron los reyes eméritos Juan Carlos I y Sofía de España, la princesa Beatriz de los Países Bajos, los reyes Harald V de Noruega (con su hermana Astrid), Margarita II de Dinamarca y Carlos XVI Gustavo de Suecia (con su esposa Silvia), así como el príncipe soberano Juan Adán II de Liechtenstein y el gran duque Enrique de Luxemburgo (con su esposa María Teresa), entre otros soberanos del resto del mundo, en un sencillo pero alegre funeral. De Europa no estuvieron representadas ni la Familia Real Británica ni la Familia Principesca de Mónaco. |
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