Ingrid Bergman (29 August 1915 – 29 August 1982) was a Swedish actress who starred in a variety of European and American films, television movies, and plays.With a career spanning five decades, she is often regarded as one of the most influential screen figures in cinematic history. She won numerous accolades, including three Academy Awards, two Primetime Emmy Awards, a Tony Award, four Golden Globe Awards, and a BAFTA Award.

Born in Stockholm to a Swedish father and a German mother, Bergman began her acting career in Swedish and German films. Her introduction to the American audience came in the English-language remake of Intermezzo (1939). Known for her naturally luminous beauty, she starred in Casablanca (1942) as Ilsa Lund, her most famous role, opposite Humphrey Bogart's Rick Blaine.

Bergman's notable performances from the 1940s include the dramas For Whom the Bell Tolls (1943) with Gary Cooper, Gaslight (1944), The Bells of St. Mary's (1945), and Joan of Arc (1948), all of which earned her nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress; she won the award for Gaslight. She made three films with Alfred Hitchcock; Spellbound (1945), with Gregory Peck, Notorious (1946), opposite Cary Grant and Under Capricorn (1949), alongside Joseph Cotten.

In 1950, she starred in Roberto Rossellini's Stromboli, following the revelation that she was having an extramarital affair with the director. The affair and subsequent marriage to Rossellini created a scandal in the United States that forced her to remain in Europe for several years, during which she starred in Rossellini's Europa '51 and Journey to Italy (1954), now critically acclaimed. She made a successful return to working for a Hollywood studio in the drama Anastasia (1956), winning her second Academy Award for Best Actress.

In her later years, Bergman won her third Academy Award, this one for Best Supporting Actress, for her small role in Murder on the Orient Express (1974). In 1978, she worked with director Ingmar Bergman in the Swedish-language Autumn Sonata, for which she received her sixth Academy Award nomination for Best Actress. In her final acting role, she portrayed the late Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir in the television miniseries A Woman Called Golda (1982) for which she posthumously won her second Emmy Award for Best Actress. Bergman died of breast cancer on her sixty-seventh birthday (29 August 1982).

According to the St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture, Bergman quickly became "the ideal of American womanhood" and a contender for Hollywood's greatest leading actress. In the United States, she is considered to have brought a "Nordic freshness and vitality" to the screen, along with exceptional beauty and intelligence; David O. Selznick once called her "the most completely conscientious actress" he had ever worked with. In 1999, the American Film Institute recognised Bergman as the fourth greatest female screen legend of Classic Hollywood Cinema.

​Ingrid Bergman was born on 29 August 1915 in Stockholm, to a Swedish father Justus Bergman, and his German wife Frieda Henriette Auguste Louise Bergman. She was named after Princess Ingrid of Sweden. Although she was raised in Sweden, she spent her summers in Germany and spoke fluent German.

Bergman suffered a succession of crucial losses in her infancy and childhood. When she was around two and a half years old, her mother died.

Her father had wanted her to become an opera star and had her take voice lessons for three years. He sent her to the Palmgrenska Samskolan, a prestigious girls' school in Stockholm. Bergman was neither a good student nor popular one. Since Justus was a photographer, he loved to document all her birthdays with his camera. He made his daughter one of his favorite photographic subjects. She enjoyed dancing, dressing up and acting in front of her father's lenses. In 1929, when Bergman was around 14, her father died of stomach cancer. ​

After his death, she was sent to live with his sister, Ellen Bergman, who also died of heart disease only six months later. Bergman then lived with her maternal aunt Hulda and her husband Otto, who had five children of their own. She also visited her other maternal aunt, Elsa Adler, whom the young girl called Mutti (Mom) according to family lore.

Bergman received a scholarship to the state-sponsored Royal Dramatic Theatre School, where Greta Garbo had some years earlier earned a similar scholarship. After several months, she was given a part in a new play, Ett Brott (A Crime), written by Sigfrid Siwertz. This was "totally against procedure" at the school, where girls were expected to complete three years of study before getting such acting roles. During her first summer break, Bergman was hired by a Swedish film studio, which led to her leaving the Royal Dramatic Theatre after just one year to work in films full time.

Ingrid ​Bergman's first film experience was as an extra in the 1932 film Landskamp, an experience she described as "walking on holy ground".

Her first speaking role was a small part in Munkbrogreven (1934). Bergman played Elsa, a maid in a seedy hotel, being pursued by the leading man, Edvin Adolphson. Critics called her "hefty and sure of herself" and "somewhat overweight . . . with an unusual way of speaking her lines." The unflatteringly striped costume that she wore, may have contributed to the unfavorable comments regarding her appearance. Soon after Munkbrogreven, Bergman was offered a studio contract and placed under director Gustaf Molander.

Bergman left the Royal Dramatic Theater to pursue acting full time. After playing in a few films, she appeared in Intermezzo in 1936, her first lead performance, where she was reunited with Gösta Ekman, her idol. This was a pivotal film for the young actress, and allowed her to demonstrate her talent.

In 1937, Bergman was voted Sweden's most admired movie star and received top-billing. That same year, On 10 July 1937, at the age of 21, in Stöde,Bergman married a dentist, Petter Aron Lindström (1 March 1907 – 24 May 2000).

Bergman signed a three-picture contract with UFA, the German major film company, although she only made one picture. At the time, she was pregnant but she arrived in Berlin in 1938 to begin filming The Four Companions (Die vier Gesellen)(1938), directed by Carl Froelich.

The film was intended as a star vehicle to launch Bergman's career in Germany. In the film she played one of four ambitious young women, attempting to set up a graphic design agency. By September, she was back in Sweden, and gave birth to her daughter, Pia. She was never to work in Germany again.

Bergman appeared in eleven films in her native Sweden before the age of twenty-five. Her characters were always plagued with uncertainty, fear and anxiety. The early Swedish films were not masterpieces, but she worked with some of the biggest talents in the Swedish film industry such as Gösta Ekman, Karin Swanström, Victor Sjöström, and Lars Hanson. It showcased her immense acting talent, as a young woman with a bright future ahead of her.

Ingrid Bergman accepted the invitation of Hollywood producer David O. Selznick, who wished her to star in the English-language remake of her earlier Swedish film Intermezzo (1936) directed by Gregory Ratoff. Unable to speak English, and uncertain about her acceptance by the American audience, she expected to complete this one film and return home to Sweden. Her husband, Dr. Petter Aron Lindström, remained in Sweden with their daughter Pia who was born in 1938.

In Intermezzo, she played the role of a young piano accompanist, opposite Leslie Howard, who played a famous violin virtuoso. Bergman arrived in Los Angeles on 6 May 1939, and stayed at the Selznick home until she could find another residence. 

The film Intermezzo premiered on 22 September 1939. It became an enormous success and as a result Bergman became a star.

Bergman made her stage debut in 1940 with Lilliom opposite Burgess Meredith, at a time when she was still learning English. Selznick was worried that his new starlet's value would diminish if she received bad reviews. Brooks Atkinson of The New York Times reviewed that Bergman seemed at ease, and commanded the stage that evening.

On 30 July 1941 at the Lobero Theatre in Santa Barbara, Bergman made her second stage appearance in Anna Christie. She was praised for her performance as a whore in the play based on Eugene O'Neill's work. A San Francisco paper said she was as unspoiled as a fresh Swedish snowball. Selznick called her "The Palmolive Garbo", a reference to a popular soap, and a well-known Swedish actress of the time. 

​Next year, on 14 July 1943, another film starring Ingrid Bergman For Whom the Bell Tolls had its New York premiere. It was her first color film.

The film was adapted from Ernest Hemingway's novel of the same title and co-starred Gary Cooper. When the book was sold to Paramount Pictures, Hemingway stated that "Miss Bergman, and no one else, should play the part". His opinion came from seeing her in her first American role, Intermezzo. They met a few weeks later, and after studying her, he declared, "You are Maria!". 

Bergman received her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress for her role of Maria in the film. But she won her first Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in another film Gaslight which premiered on 4 May 1944.

Under the direction of George Cukor, she portrayed a "wife driven close to madness" by her husband, played by Charles Boyer. 

Next year, Ingrid ​Bergman ​received her third consecutive nomination for Best Actress for her role in The Bells of St. Mary's where she played a nun.

The film premiered on 6 December 1945 and was the biggest box office hit of that year.

That same month, on 28 December, another film of Bergman Spellbound also premiered, and it would be the first of three collaborations she had with Alfred Hitchcock.

The second film of Bergman by Hitchcock was Notorious, which on premiered on 6 September 1946. In the film, Bergman played a US spy, Alicia Huberman, who had been given an assignment to infiltrate the Nazi sympathizers in South America. Along the way, she fell in love with her fellow spy, played by Cary Grant.

According to Roger Ebert, Notorious is the most elegant expression of Hitchcock's visual style. Notorious was selected by the National Film Registry in 2006 as culturally and significantly important.

On 5 October 1946, Bergman appeared in the play Joan of Lorraine by Maxwell Anderson at the Alvin Theatre in New York. Tickets were fully booked for a twelve-week run. It was the greatest hit in New York. After each performance, crowds were in line to see Bergman in person. Newsweek called her 'Queen of the Broadway Season.' She reportedly received roughly $129,000 plus 15 percent of the grosses. The Associated Press named her 'Woman of the Year'. Gallup certified her as the most popular actress in America.

Two years later, Bergman starred in the film Joan of Arc which was based on the play. The film had its world premiere on 11 November 1948. The film was not a big hit with the public and received disastrous reviews, and although nominated for several Academy Awards, including Bergman's Best Actress nomination, it did not receive a Best Picture nomination.

Ingrid Bergman had greatly admired two films by Italian director Roberto Rossellini. She wrote to him in 1949, expressing her admiration and suggesting that she make a film with him. As a consequence, she was cast in Stromboli. During the production in Italy, they began an affair, and Bergman became pregnant with their first child.

On 9 September 1949, Under Capricorn premiered. It was the third and last film Ingrid Bergman made with Hitchcock. And shortly after the film's release, the scandalous relationship between Bergman and Rossellini became apparent.

Bergman and Rossellini's affair caused a huge scandal in the United States, where it led to Bergman being denounced on the floor of the United States Senate. As a result, Bergman returned to Italy, leaving her first husband and went through a publicized divorce and custody battle for their daughter.

In the same month the Stromboli was released, Bergman gave birth to a boy, Renato Roberto Ranaldo Giusto Giuseppe Rossellini (born 2 February 1950).

​Ingrid Bergman and Roberto Rossellini were married on 24 May 1950.

On 18 June 1952, Bergman gave birth to the twin daughters Isotta Ingrid Rossellini and Isabella Rossellini. Isabella became an actress and model, and Isotta Ingrid became a professor of Italian literature.

After separating from Rossellini, Ingrid Bergman returned to the United States, and made a triumphant return to Hollywood with the film Anastasia directed by Anatole Litvak.

Anastasia (1956) tells the story of a woman who may be the sole surviving member of the Romanov family. Yul Brynner is the scheming general, who tries to pass her off as the single surviving daughter of the late Tsar Nicholas II. He hopes to use her to collect a hefty inheritance.Anastasia was an immediate success.

For her performance as a fake Russian princess, Bergman won the Academy Award for Best Actress for a second time. Cary Grant, her co-star in film Notorious(1946) and her friend, accepted her award for her.

The two friends Ingrid Bergman and Cary Grant reunited next year i a light comedy directed by Stanley Donen Indiscreet(1958).

In 1975, Ingrid Bergman became one of the few actresses ever to receive three Oscars when she won her third (and first in the category of Best Supporting Actress) for her performance in Murder on the Orient Express (1974). Director Sidney Lumet had offered Bergman the Bergman the important part of Princess Dragomiroff, with which he felt she could win an Oscar.

In 1976, Bergman was the first person to receive France's newly created Honorary César, a national film award.

In 1978, Ingrid Bergman appeared in Autumn Sonata (Höstsonaten), by Swedish filmmaker Ingmar Bergman with whom she had wanted to work for decades.

Bergman was battling cancer at the time of the filming.

On 15 June 1974, she entered a London clinic and had her first operation. While working on Autumn Sonata, Bergman discovered another lump, and flew back to London for another surgery.

The final two weeks of the shooting schedule required adjustment, because she required additional surgery.

Bergman received her seventh—and final—Academy Award nomination. She did not attend the awards, due to her illness. This was her final cinema performance.

In 1980, Bergman's autobiography, Ingrid Bergman: My Story, was written with the help of Alan Burgess. In it, she discusses her childhood, her early career, her life during her time in Hollywood, the Rossellini scandal, and subsequent events.

Bergman’s her final acting role is the starring role in a television mini-series, A Woman Called Golda (1982), about the late Israeli prime minister Golda Meir. She agreed to take the challenge despite her illness.

Four months after the filming was completed, she died in London from breast cancer, on 29 August 1982 at 12:00 am, her 67th birthday.

​Jean-Philippe Charbonnier, né le 28 août 1921 à Paris et mort le à Grasse, est un journaliste et reporter-photographe français.

​Jean-Philippe Charbonnier est né dans une famille d'artistes et d'intellectuels. Sa mère, Annette Vaillant, était écrivain et la fille d'Alfred Natanson dit Alfred Athis, un des fondateurs de la Revue blanche et de l'actrice Marthe Mellot ; son père, Pierre Charbonnier, était peintre.

Baigné dans ce milieu artistique, Charbonnier se tourne vers la photographie en 1939, en fréquentant l'atelier du portraitiste de cinéma Sam Lévin dont il devient l'assistant.

Il s'exile en Suisse pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, puis, à partir de 1948, est successivement rédacteur en chef technique du journal Libération, collaborateur de France Dimanche et Point de Vue.

Il est marié avec la galeriste Agathe Gaillard.

Il enseigna à l'ESAG Penninghen et en Angleterre.

Invité par Michel Tournier, Charbonnier participa aux premières Rencontres d'Arles en 1970 en tant qu'invité d'honneur avec notamment l'exposition « Denis Brihat, Jean-Philippe Charbonnier, Jean-Pierre Sudre » présentée par Michel Tournier.

Il décide de quitter le magazine Réalités en 1974.

Charles Boyer (28 August 1899 – 26 August 1978) was a French-American actor who appeared in more than 80 films between 1920 and 1976. After receiving an education in drama, Boyer started on the stage, but he found his success in American films during the 1930s. His memorable performances were among the era's most highly praised, in romantic dramas such as The Garden of Allah (1936), Algiers (1938), and Love Affair (1939), as well as the mystery-thriller Gaslight (1944). He received four Oscar nominations for Best Actor.

Charles Boyer, né le 28 août 1899 à Figeac, Lot et mort le 26 août 1978 à Phoenix, Arizona, est un acteur franco-américain. Après avoir débuté sa carrière en France, il devient l'un des acteurs français les plus célèbres à Hollywood durant les années 1930 et 1940. Se montrant aussi à l'aise dans les mélodrames, Le Jardin d'Allah (1936), Casbah (1938) et Elle et lui (1939), que dans les thrillers, Hantise (1944), il est nommé à quatre reprises à l'oscar du meilleur acteur.

Fils unique, Charles Boyer naît prématurément le 28 août 1899, boulevard Labernade à Figeac. Son père, Maurice Boyer tient un commerce familial de moissonneuses-batteuses, fourneaux de cuisine et faucheuses et sa mère, Louise, est mère au foyer. Dès son plus jeune âge, il a l'habitude de s'installer sur le comptoir où il récite des poésies ou des tirades pour amuser les clients. En 1909, son père décède brutalement. Peu de temps après, il assiste pour la première fois à une pièce de théâtre, Samson, dans laquelle se produit le comédien Lucien Guitry. Impressionné par son talent, il fait alors le vœu de devenir acteur, au grand désarroi de sa mère.

En 1914, la guerre éclate. Au cours de ces années noires, Figeac accueille des soldats convalescents. Pour les distraire, Charles Boyer crée et joue des spectacles. En 1917, à 19 ans, il part à Paris et s'inscrit à la Sorbonne. 

Après avoir suivi le conservatoire, Charles Boyer commence sa carrière par le théâtre. Mais c'est au cinéma, en France, notamment grâce à Marcel L'Herbier, puis à Hollywood, qu'il connaît ses plus grands succès comme « jeune premier » au cours des années 1920 et 1930.

En 1934, il épouse une jeune actrice britannique, Pat Paterson, rencontrée quelques semaines plus tôt lors d'une soirée entre deux tournages de Caravane.

Durant les années 1930 et 1950, il est une grande vedette et les studios se l'arrachent. 

Les plus grandes actrices de son époque sont ses partenaires :
-Bette Davis (L'Étrangère),
-Greta Garbo (Marie Walewska),
-Marlene Dietrich (Le Jardin d'Allah),
-Danielle Darrieux (Mayerling, Madame de...),
-Irene Dunne (Elle et lui),
-Olivia de Havilland (Par la porte d'or),
-Ingrid Bergman (Hantise, Nina),
-Michèle Morgan (Maxime). 

Ce rôle d'amoureux malgré lui le suivra toute sa carrière.

Exempté de service militaire (étant orphelin de père), il revient à Figeac en 1939 pour s'engager dans l'armée. Au bout de onze semaines, il est démobilisé par le président du conseil, Edouard Daladier, qui lui demande de retourner aux États-Unis pour convaincre ses amis américains du show-business du bienfondé de cette guerre.

Peu de temps après, il fonde un centre intellectuel à Los Angeles à partir des six cents volumes de sa bibliothèque, la French Research Foundation, qui en 1945 comptait plus de quinze mille livres. Ce don de sa part avait pour mission en période de guerre d'incarner l'esprit français aux États-Unis. Durant la même période, il participe à la création et au financement du « French War Relief Committee » (Comité français de secours de guerre).

​Le 13 février 1942, il obtient la citoyenneté américaine. Peu disert sur ce sujet, Charles Boyer explique qu'il ne se sentait plus « en Amérique » mais « d'Amérique ». ​

Boyer was born in Figeac, Lot, France, the son of Augustine Louise Durand and Maurice Boyer, a merchant. Boyer (which means "cowherd" in the Occitan language) was a shy, small town boy who discovered the movies and theatre at the age of eleven.

During World War I, Boyer performed comic sketches for soldiers while working as a hospital orderly.

He went to the capital city to finish his education in Sorbonne, but spent most of his time pursuing a theatrical career.

In 1920, his quick memory won him a chance to replace the leading man in a stage production, Aux jardins de Murcie. He was successful. Then he appeared in a play La Bataille and Boyer became a theatre star overnight.

In the 1920s, he not only played a suave and sophisticated ladies' man on the stage but also appeared in several silent films.

​Boyer's first film was L'homme du large (1920), directed by Marcel L'Herbier. He focused on theatre work for a number of years, then returned to the screen. With the coming of sound, his deep voice made him a romantic star.

Boyer was first brought to Hollywood by MGM who wanted him to play the Chester Morris part in a French version of The Big House (1930), Révolte dans la prison (1931).

But His first English speaking role was The Magnificent Lie (1931) of Paramount directed by Berthold Viertel.

In early 1934, as production on Charlie Chan Goes To Egypt in which Pat Paterson starred was wrapping, French actor Maurice Chevalier persuaded his lifelong best friend Charles Boyer, to attend a Fox Studios post-New Year dinner party at which Pat Paterson was a guest. In interviews over the years, Boyer declared their meeting to have been a case of love at first sight. The two became engaged after two weeks of courtship and they married within four weeks of the party, on St. Valentine's Day, 14 February 1934, in Yuma, Arizona.

Boyer became an international star with Mayerling (1936), co-starring Danielle Darrieux and directed by Anatole Litvak. Boyer played Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria.

​In 1938, he landed his famous role as Pepe le Moko, the thief on the run in Algiers, an English-language remake of the classic French film Pepe le Moko with Jean Gabin, produced by Wanger. 

Boyer was making the movie in Nice when France declared war on Germany in September 1939. Boyer joined the French army.

By November, Boyer was discharged from the army and back in Hollywood as the French government thought he would be of more service making films.

Boyer became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1942. 

​In 1943, Boyer was awarded an Honorary Oscar Certificate for "progressive cultural achievement" in establishing the French Research Foundation in Los Angeles as a source of reference.
At the end of the year, on 9 December 1943, Charles Boyer's wife Pat  Paterson gave birth to their only child, Michael Charles Boyer, in Los Angeles, California.

In contrast to his glamorous image, Boyer began losing his hair early, had a pronounced paunch, and was noticeably shorter than leading ladies like Ingrid Bergman. ​

In 1948, Boyer was made a chevalier of the French Légion d'honneur. That same year, he made another film with Ingrid Bergman, Arch of Triumph (1948), which failed at the box office, which means Charles Boyer was no longer the box office star he had been.

​Boyer went to Broadway, where he made his first appearance in Red Gloves (1948–49), based on Dirty Hands by Jean-Paul Sartre, which went for 113 performances.

In 1951, he appeared on the Broadway stage in one of his most notable roles, that of Don Juan, in a dramatic reading of the third act of George Bernard Shaw's Man and Superman, for which he won Broadway's 1951 Special Tony Award.

​Boyer also moved into television as one of the pioneering producers and stars of the anthology show Four Star Playhouse (1952–56). It was made by Four Star Productions which would make Boyer and partners David Niven and Dick Powell rich.

Charles Boyer was nominated for the Tony Award as Best Actor (Dramatic) in the 1963 Broadway production of Lord Pengo, which ran for 175 performances.

Two years later in 1965 his son Michael Charles Boyer killed himself accidentally at age 21 while playing Russian roulettev in his own room, and Boyer was finding it traumatic to continue living in Los Angeles so in March 1970 he decided to relocate to Europe.

Boyer's final performance was in A Matter of Time (1976) with Liza Minnelli and Ingrid Bergman, directed by Vincente Minnelli.

Charles Boyer's movie career had lasted longer than that of other romantic actors, winning him the nickname "the last of the cinema's great lovers.". And an International lover: In addition to French and English, Boyer spoke Italian, German, and Spanish.

During his prime years, Charles Boyer has played opposited the greatest female Hollywood stars such as:
-Claudette Colbert in The Man from Yesterday (1932), Private Worlds (1935), Tovarich (1937);
-Loretta Young in Caravan (1934);
-Marlene Dietrich (The Garden of Allah (1936)/Le Jardin d'Allah);
-Jean Arthur in History Is Made at Night (1937)​;
-Greta Garbo in Conquest (1937);
-Michèle Morgan in Orage (1938), Maxime (1958);
-Irene Dunne in Love affair(1939), When Tomorrow Comes (1939); Together Again(1944);
-Bette Davis in All This, and Heaven Too (1940);
-Danielle Darrieux in Mayerling, The Earrings of Madame de... /Madame de...(1953);
-Olivia de Havilland and Paulette Goddard in Hold back the Dawn(1941);
-Ingrid Bergman in Gaslight (1944); Arch of Triumph (1948)
-Joan Fontaine in The Constant Nymph (1943);
-Lauren Bacall in Confidential Agent (1945);
-Jennifer Jones in Cluny Brown (1946);
-Sophia Loren in ​What a Woman!(1956);
-Brigitte Bardot in La Parisienne (1957).

On 24 August 1978, Charles Boyer's wife Pat Paterson died in Phoenix, Arizona of brain cancer.

Two days later, On 26 August 1978, Boyer died by suicide with an overdose of Seconal while at a friend's home in Scottsdale. He was taken to the hospital in Phoenix, where he died. It was just two days before his own 79th birthday, 

​He was interred in Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City, California, alongside his wife and son.